Cecilia Bitz Publications

Select Publications (Cecilia's CV has a complete listing)

Amstrup, S.C. and C.M. Bitz, 2023: Unlock the Endangered Species Act to address GHG emissions, Science, 381, 945-951, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh2280

Hoffman, L., M.R. Mazloff, S.T. Gille, D. Giglio, C.M. Bitz, and P. Heimbach, 2023, Machine learning for daily forecasts of Arctic sea-ice motion: an attribution assessment of model predictive skill, Artificial Intelligence for Earth Systems, in press.

Pauling, A.G. C.M. Bitz, and E.J. Steig, 2023: Linearity of the climate system response to raising and lowering West Antarctic and coastal Antarctic topography, J. Climate, 36, 6195-6212, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0416.1

Pauling, A.G., C.M. Bitz, and K.C. Armour, 2023: The climate response of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption does not constrain climate sensitivity, Geophysical Research Letters, 50, 32023GL102946. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102946

Neelin, J.D., J.P. Krasting, A. Radhakrishnan, J. Liptak, T. Jackson, Y. Ming, W. Dong, A. Gettelman, D.R. Coleman, E.D. Maloney, A.A. Wing, Y-H. Kuo, F. Ahmed, P. Ullrich, C.M. Bitz, R.B. Neale, A. Ordonez, and E.A. Maroon, 2023: Process-Oriented Diagnostics: Principles, Practice, Community Development and Common Standards, Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., in press, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0268.1

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., M. Bushuk, F. Massonnet, L. Hamilton, C.M. Bitz, and U. Bhatt, 2023: Forecast skill of the Arctic Sea Ice Outlook 2008-2022 Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2022GL102531. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102531

Goosse, H., S.A. Contador, C.M. Bitz, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, C. Eayrs, T. Fichefet, K. Himmich, P.-V. Huot, F. Klein, S. Marchi, F. Massonnet, B. Mezzina, C. Pelletier, L. Roach, M. Vancoppenolle, 2023: Modulation o the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent by sea ice processes and feedbacks with the ocean and atmosphere, The Cryosphere, 17, 407-425, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-407-2023

Cooper, V.T., L.A. Roach, J. Thomson, S.D. Brenner, M.M. Smith, M.H. Meylan, & C.M. Bitz, 2022: Wind waves in sea ice of the Western Arctic and a global coupled wave-ice model, Philosophical Transactions Royal Society A, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0258

Roach, L.A., E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, S. Ragen, W. Cheng, K.C. Armour, and C.M. Bitz, 2022: The impact of winds on AMOC in a fully-coupled climate model. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL101203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101203

Roach, L.A., I. Eisenman, T.J. Wagner, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, and C.M. Bitz, 2022: Asymmetry in the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice due to insolation, Nature Geosciences. 15, 277-281, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00913-6

Hahn, L.C., K.C. Armour, D.S. Battisti, I. Eisenman, and C.M. Bitz, 2022: Seasonality in Arctic Warming Driven By Sea Ice Effective Heat Capacity, J. Climate, 35,1629-1642. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0626.1

McGraw, M.C., E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, R.P. Clancy and C.M. Bitz, 2022: Understanding the predictability of Arctic sea ice loss on subseasonal timescales, Journal of Climate, 35, 1179-1196, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0301.1

Clancy, R.P., C.M. Bitz, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, M.C. McGraw, and S.M. Cavallo, 2022: Drivers of asymmetric patterns in the atmosphere and sea ice during Arctic cyclones, J. Climate, 35, 73-89, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0093.1

Clancy, R.P., C.M. Bitz, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2021: The influence of ENSO on Arctic sea ice in large ensembles and observations, J. Climate, 34, 9585-9604, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0958.1

Pauling, A.G. and C.M. Bitz, 2021: Arctic sea ice response to flooding of the snow layer in future warming scenarios, Earth's Future, 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002136

Pauling, A.G., M. Bushuk, and C.M. Bitz, 2021: Robust inter-hemispheric asymmetry in the response to symmetric volcanic forcing in model large ensembles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL092558, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092558

Gao, P.A., H.M. Directory, C.M. Bitz, and A.E. Raftery, 2021: Probabilistic forecasts of Arctic sea ice thickness, J. Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-021-00480-0

Li, X., W. Cai, G.A. Meehl, et al. 2021: Tropical teleconnection impacts on Antarctic climate changes, Nature Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00204-5

Hahn, L.C., K.C. Armour, M.D. Zelinka, C.M. Bitz, and A. Donohoe, 2021: Contributions to polar amplification in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, Frontiers in Earth Sciences, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.710036

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., A. Donohoe, L. Roach, A. DuVivier, and C.M. Bitz, 2021: High-frequency sea ice variability in observations and models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL092356, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092356

Lo, F. C.M. Bitz, and J.J. Hess, 2021: Development of a Random Forest model for forecasting allergenic pollen in North America, Science of the Total Environment, 773, 145590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145590

Meylan, M. C. Horvat, C.M. Bitz and L.G. Bennetts, A floe size dependent scattering model in two-and three-dimensions for wave attenuation by ice floes. Ocean Modeling, 2021. https://doi.org/10.106/j.ocemod.2021.101779.

Zhang, Y.-F., C.M. Bitz, J.L. Anderson, N.S. Collins, T.J. Hoar, K.D. Raeder, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2021, Estimating parameters in a sea ice model using an ensemble Kalman Filter. The Cryosphere, 15, 1277-1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1277-2021

Guarino, M.-V., L.C. Sime, D. Schroeder, I. Malmierca-Vallet, E. Rosenblum, J. Ridley, D. Feltham, C.M. Bitz, E. Steig, E. Wolff, J. Stroeve, and A. Sellar, A, 2020: Sea ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial supports fast future loss, Nature Climate Change, 10, 928-932, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0865-2

Kageyama, M., L. C. Sime, M. Sicard, M.-V. Guarino, A. de Vernal, D. Schroeder, R. Stein, I. Malmierca-Vallet, A. Abe-Ouchi, C.M. Bitz,#P. Braconnot, E. Brady, M.A. Chamberlain, D. Feltham, C. Guo, G. Lohmann, K. Meissner, L. Menviel, P. Morozova, K.H. Nisancioglu, B. Otto-Bliesner, R. O'ishi, S. Sherriff-Tadano, J. Stroeve, X. Shi, B. Sun, E. Volodin, N. Yeung, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and T. Ziehn, 2020: A multi-model CMIP6 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: Sea ice data compilation and model differences, Climate of the Past https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-165

Hahn, L.C., K.C. Armour, D.S. Battisti. A. Donohoe, A.G. Pauling, and C.M. Bitz, 2020: Antarctic elevation drives hemispheric asymmetry in polar lapse rate climatology and feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088965

Director, H.M., A.E. Raftery, and C.M. Bitz, 2020: Probabilistic Forecasting of the Arctic Sea Ice Edge with Contour Modeling, Annals of Applied Statistics, https://doi.org/10.1214/20-AOAS1405

Molnar, P., C. M. Bitz, M. M. Holland, J. E. Kay, S. R. Penk, S. C. Amstrup: 2020: Fasting season length sets temporal limits for global polar bear persistence, Nature Climate Change, 10, 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0818-9

Roach, L.A., J. Dorr, C.R. Holmes, F. Massonnet, E.W. Blockley, D. Notz, T. Rackow, M.N. Raphael, S. O'Farrell, D.A. Bailey, C.M. Bitz, 2020: Antarctic Sea Ice Area in CMIP6, Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, e2019GL086729, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086729

Stuecker, M.F., A. Timmermann, F.-F. Jin, C. Proistosescu, S.M. Kang, D. Kim, K.-S. Yun, E.-S. Chung, J.-E. Chu, C.M. Bitz, K.C. Armour, and M. Hayashi, 2020: Strong remote control of future equatorial warming by off-equatorial forcing, Nature Climate Change, 10, 124-129, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0667-6

Barnes, R., R. Luger, R. Deitrick, P. Driscoll, T. Quinn, D. Fleming, H. Smotherman, D. McDonald, C. Wilhelm, R. Garcia, P. Barth, B. Guyer, V. Meadows, C. Bitz, P. Gupta, S. Domagal-Goldman, and J. Armstrong, 2020: VPLanet: The Virtual Planet Simulator, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 132, 62pp, https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab3ce8

Roach, L.A., C.M. Bitz, C. Horvat, and S.M. Dean, 2019: Advances in modeling interactions between sea ice and ocean surface waves, J. Advances in Modeling the Earth System, 11, 4167-4181. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001836

Horvat, C., L. Roach, R. Tilling, C.M. Bitz, B. Fox-Kemper, C. Guider, K. Hill, A. Ridout, and A. Shepherd, 2019: Estimating the sea ice floe size distribution using satellite altimetry: Theory, climatology, and model comparison, The Cryosphere, 13, 2869-2885, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2869-2019.

Shields, A. L., C.M. Bitz, and I. Palubski, 2019: Energy budgets for terrestrial extrasolar planets, The Astrophys. Jour. Lett., 884: L2 (6pp), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab44ce

Lo, F, C.M. Bitz, D.S. Battisti, J. Hess, 2019: Pollen calendars and maps of allergenic pollen in North America, Aerobiologia, 35, 613-633, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09601-2

Wayand, N., C.M. Bitz, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2019: A year-round subseasonal-to-seasonal sea ice prediction portal, Geophy. Res. Lett., 46. Doi:10:1029/2018GL081565.

Randall, D.A., C.M. Bitz, G. Danabasoglu, S. Denning, P. Gent, A. Gettelman, S. Griffies, P. Lynch, H. Morrison, R. Pincus, and J. Thuburn, 2019: 100 years of Earth System Model development, Meteorological Monographs, 0, doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0018.1.

Meehl, G.A., J.M. Arblaster, C.T.Y. Chung, M.M. Holland, A. DuVivier, L. Thomps on, D. Yang, and C.M. Bitz, 2019: Sudden recent Antarctic sea ice retreat, connections to the tropics, and upper ocean regime change around Antarctica, Nature Communications, 10, Doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07865-9.

Bertram, M., L. Thompson, J. Murray, C. Bretherton, and C.M. Bitz, 2019: Preparing Graduate Students for 21st Century Climate Conversations, Eos, 10, Doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07865-9.

Meehl, G.A., C.T.Y. Chung, J.M. Arblaster, M. M. Holland, and C.M. Bitz, 2018: Tropical decadal variability and the rate of Arctic sea ice decrease. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 11,326- 11,333. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079989

Goldenson, N., L.R. Leung, C.M. Bitz, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2018: Influence of atmospheric river events on mountain snowpack in the western U.S., J. Climate, 31, 9921-9940, Doi:10.11175/JCLI-D-18-0268.1.

Ordonez, A.C., C.M. Bitz, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2018: Processes controlling Arctic and Antarctic sea ice predictability in the Community Earth System Model, J. Climate, 31, 9771-9786. Doi:10.11175/JCLI-D-18-0348.1.

Stuecker, M.F., C.M. Bitz, K.C. Armour, C. Proistosescu, S.M. Kang, S.-P. Xie, D. Kim, S. McGregor, W. Zhang, S. Zhao, W. Cai, Y. Dong, and F.-F. Jin, Polar amplification dominated by local forcing and feedbacks, Nature Climate Change, 8, 1076-1081. Doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0339-y.

Oldenburg, D., K.C. Armour, L. Thompson, and C.M. Bitz, 2018: Distinct mechanisms of ocean heat transport into the Arctic under internal variability and climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 7692-7700, Doi:10.1029/2018GL078719.

Proistosescu, C., A. Donohoe, K. Armour, G. Roe, M. Stuecker, and C.M. Bitz, 2018: Radiative feedbacks from stochastic variability in surface temperature and radiative imbalance, Geophy. Res. Lett. 45, 5082-5094, Doi:10.1029/2018GL077678. Highlighted in Eos.

Deitrick, R., R. Barnes, C.M. Bitz, D. Fleming, B. Charnay, V. Meadows, C. Wilhelm, J. Armstrong, and T. Quinn, 2018: Exo-Milankovitch Cycles II: Climates of G-dwarf Planets in Dynamically Hot Systems, Astronomical Journal, 155.

Zhang, Y.-F., C.M. Bitz, J.L. Anderson, N. Collins, J. Hendricks, T. Hoar, K. Raeder and F. Massonnet, 2018: Insights on sea ice data assimilation from perfect model observing system simulation experiments, J. Climate, 1, 5911-5926, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0904.1.

Roach, L., C. Horvat, S. Dean, and C.M. Bitz, 2018: An emergent sea ice floe size distribution in a global coupled ocean-sea ice model, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 123, 4322-4337, doi:10.1029/2017JC013692.

Russell, J.L., I. Kamenkovich, C. Bitz, R. Ferrrari, S.T. Gille, P.J. Goodman, R. Hallberg, K. Johnson, K. Khazmutdinova, I. Marinov, M. Mazloff, S. Riser, J.L. Sarmiento, K. Speer, L. D. Talley, and R. Wanninkhof, 2018: Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 123, 3120-3143, doi:10.1002/2017JC013461.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., M.A. Webster, S.L. Farrell, and C.M. Bitz, 2018: Reconstruction of Arctic snow on sea ice, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 123, 3588-3602, doi:10.1002/2017JC013364.

Kimmritz, M., F. Counillon, C.M. Bitz, F. Massonnet, I. Bethke, and Y. Gao, 2018: Optimizing assimilation of sea ice concentration in a fully-coupled Earth system model with a multicategory sea ice model, Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 70:1, 1435945, doi:10.1080/1600870.2018.1435945.

PoChedley, S., K.C. Armour, C.M. Bitz, and Q. Fu, 2018: Sources of intermodal spread in the lapse rate and water vapor feedbacks, J. Clim., 31, 3187-3206, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0674.1.

Goldenson, N., G. Mauger, L.R. Leung, C.M. Bitz, and A. Rhines 2018: Effects of ensemble configuration on estimates of regional climate uncertainties, Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, 926-934, doi:10.1002/2017GL076297.

Pauling, A.G., I.J. Smith, P.J. Langhorne, and C.M. Bitz, 2017: Time-dependent freshwater input from ice shelves: Impacts on Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Ocean in an Earth System Model, Geo. Res. Lett. doi:10.1002/2017GL075017

Singh, H.K.A., C.M. Bitz, A. Donahoe, and P. Rasch, 2017: A source-receptor perspective on the polar hydrologic cycle: Source regions, seasonality, and Arctic-Antarctic parity in the hydrologic cycle response to CO2-doubling, J. Clim., doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0917.1

Stuecker, M. F., C.M. Bitz, and K.C. Armour, 2017: Conditions leading to the unprecedented Antarctic sea ice extent during the 2016 austral spring season, Geo. Res. Lett., doi:10.1002/2017GL074691

Director, H.M., A.E. Raftery, and C.M. Bitz, 2017: Improved Sea Ice Forecasting Through Spatiotemporal Bias Correction, J. Clim., doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0185.1.

Rose, B.E., T.W. Cronin, and C.M. Bitz, 2017: Ice caps and ice belts: The effects of obliquity on ice-albedo feedback, Astrophysical 846, 17pp. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8306. Journal, preprint.

McCusker, K.E., P.J. Kushnir, J.C. Fyfe, M. Sigmond, V.V. Kharin, and C.M. Bitz, 2017: Remarkable Separability of Circulation Response to Sea Ice Loss and Greenhouse Gas Forcing, Geophy. Res. Lett., doi: 10.1002/2017GL074327.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., A. Barthèlemy, M. Chevallier, R.I. Cullather, N. Fuckar, F. Massonnet, P Posey, W. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Ardilouze, C.M. Bitz, G. Vernieres, A. Wallcraft, and M. Wang, 2016: Multi-model seasonal forecast of Arctic sea-ice forecast uncertainty at pan-Arctic and regional scales, Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3388-9. Journal website.

Cheng, W., E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, C.M. Bitz, C. Ladd, and P. Stabeno, 2016: Diagnostic sea ice predictability in the pan-Arctic and U.S. Arctic regional seas, Geophy. Res. Lett., 43, 11,688-11,696, doi: 10.1002/2016GL070735. Journal website.

Singh, H.K.A., C.M. Bitz, J. Nusbaumer and, D. C. Noone, 2016: A Mathematical Framework for Analysis of Water Tracers: Part I, Development of Theory and Application to the Preindustrial Mean State, J. of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 8, 991-1013, doi:10.1002/2016MS000649. Journal website.

Singh, H.K.A., C.M. Bitz, A. Donahoe, J. Nusbaumer and, D. C. Noone, 2016: A Mathematical Framework for Analysis of Water Tracers: Part II, Understanding large-scale perturbations in the hydrological cycle due to CO2 doubling, J. Climate, 29, 6765-6782, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0293.1. Journal website.

Singh, H.K.A., A. Donahoe, C.M. Bitz, J. Nusbaumer and, D. C. Noone, 2016: Geophysical Res. Lett., 43, 8677-8684, doi:10.1002/2016GL069796. Journal website.

Singh, H.K.A., C.M. Bitz and D. M. W. Frierson, 2016: Climate response to lowering surface orography of Antarctica and the importance of atmosphere-ocean coupling, J. Climate, 29, 4137-4153, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0442.1 Journal website.

Meehl, G.A., J.M. Arblaster, C.M. Bitz, C.T.Y. Chung, and H. Teng, 2016: Recent Antarctic sea ice expansion driven by tropical Pacific decadal climate variability, Nature Geo., doi:10.1038/NGEO2751. Journal website.

Kay, J. E., Wall, C., Yettella, V., Medeiros, B. Hannay, C., P. Caldwell, and C. Bitz, 2016: Global climate impacts of fixing the Southern Ocean shortwave radiation bias in the Community Earth System Model, J. Climate, 29, 4617-4636, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0358.1. Journal website.

Newsom, E., C.M. Bitz, F. Bryan, R. Abernathy, and P. Gent, 2016: Southern Ocean deep circulation and heat uptake in a high-resolution climate model, J. Climate, 29, 2597-2618, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0513.1 Journal website.

Pauling, A.G., C.M. Bitz, I.J. Smith, and P.J. Langhorne, 2016: The response of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic sea ice to fresh water from ice shelves in an earth system model, J. Climate, 29, 1655-1672, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0501.1 Journal website.

Tobin, T., C. M. Bitz, and D. Archer, 2016: Modeling climatic effects of carbon dioxide emissions from Deccan Traps Flood Volcanism around the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology, doi:10.1016/J.PALAEO.2016.05.028. Journal website.

Markle, B.R., E.J. Steig, C. Buizert, S.W. Shoenemann, C.M. Bitz, T.J. Fudge, J.B. Pedro, Q. Ding, T. Jones, J.W.C. White, and T. Sowers, 2016: Global atmospheric teleconnections during Dansgaard-Oeschger events, Nature Geo., doi:10.1038/ngeo2848. Journal website.

Pedro, J.B., H.C. Bostock, C.M. Bitz, F. He, M.J. Vandergoes, E.J. Steig, B. Chase, C.E. Krause, S.O. Rasmussen, and G. Cortese, 2016: The Spatial Extent and Dynamics of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, Nature Geo., 9, 51-55, doi:10.1038/NGEO2580. Journal website.

Shields, A.L., R. Barnes, E. Agol, B. Charnay, C.M. Bitz, and V. S. Meadows, 2016: The effect of orbital configuration on the possible climates and habitability of Kepler-62f, Astrobiology, 16, doi: 10.1089/ast.2015.1353. pdf available.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., S.L. Farrell, T. Newman, and C.M. Bitz, 2015: Snow cover on Arctic sea ice in observations and an Earth System Model, Geophys, Res. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL066049. Journal website.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., R.I. Cullather, W. Wang, J. Zhang, and C.M. Bitz: 2015, Model forecast skill and sensitivity to initial conditions in the seasonal Sea Ice Outlook In press, Geophys. Res. Letts. 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL065860. Journal website

McCusker, K.E., D.S. Battisti and C.M. Bitz: 2015, Stratospheric sulfate aerosol injections cannot preserve the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. , Geophys. Res. Letts. 42, 4989-4997. Journal website.

Ferreira, D., J. Marshall, C.M. Bitz, S. Solomon and A. Plumb, 2015: Antarctic ocean and sea ice response to ozone depletion: a two timescale problem, J. Clim., Journal website.

Armour, K. and C.M. Bitz, 2015: Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice, US Clivar Variations Newsletter, Download article.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E. and C.M. Bitz, 2014: Characteristics of Arctic sea-ice thickness variability in GCMs, J. Clim., Journal website.

Doherty, S.J., C.M. Bitz, and M.G. Flanner, 2014:Biases in modeled surface snow BC mixing ratios in prescribed-aerosol climate model runs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11697-11709, doi:10.5194/acp-14-11697-2014 Journal website.

Yang, Q., C.M. Bitz, and S.J. Doherty, 2014: Offsetting effects of aerosols on Arctic and Global Climate in the Late 20th Century, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14 3969-3975, doi:10.5194/acp-14-3969-2014. Journal website.

Mashall, J., K. Armour, J. Scott, Y. Kostov, D. Ferreira, T.G. Shepherd, and C.M. Bitz, 2014: The ocean's role in polar climate change: Asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A372: 20130040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/rsta.2013.0040. Lead author's website.

Shields, A.L., C.M. Bitz, V. S. Meadows, M.M. Joshi, T.D. Robinson, 2014: Spectrum- driven planetary deglaciation due to increases in stellar luminosity, Astrophysical Journal Letters, ApJ, 785, L9, doi:1088/2041-8205/785/1/L9. Journal website.

Stroeve, J., L.C. Hamilton, C.M. Bitz, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, 2014: Predicting September sea ice: Ensemble skill of the SEARCH Sea Ice Outlook 2008-2013, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2411-2418 doi: 10.1002/2014GL059388. Lead author's website.

Singh, H.A., D.S. Battisti, C.M. Bitz, 2014: A heuristic model of Dangaard-Oeschger cycles: Description, results, and brief sensitivity studies: Part 1, J. Climate, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00672.1. Journal website.

McCusker, K.E., K.C. Armour, C.M. Bitz and D.S. Battisti, 2014: Rapid and extensive warming following cessation of solar radiation management, Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 9pp, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/2/024005. Journal website.

Post, E, U. Bhatt, C. M. Bitz, J. Brodie, T.L. Fulton, M. Hebblewhite, J. Kerby, S. Kutz, I. Stirling, and D.A. Walker, 2013: Sea ice as driver of ecological responses to climate change in the Polar Regions, Science, 341, DOI: 10.1126/science.1235225. Journal website.

Armour, K. C., C. M. Bitz, and G. H. Roe, 2013: Time-varying climate sensitivity from regional feedbacks, J. Climate, , Download preprint.

Turner, A.K., E.C. Hunke, and C. M. Bitz, 2013: Two modes of sea-ice gravity drainage, submitted, Journal website

Shields, A.L., V.S. Meadows, C.M. Bitz, R.T. Pierrehumbert, M.J. Joshi, T.D. Robinson, 2013: The effect of host star spectral energy distribution and ice-albedo feedback on the climate of extrasolar planets, arXiv archive

Bitz, C.M. and L.M. Polvani, 2012: Antarctic Climate Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in a Fine Resolution Ocean Climate Model, GRL, 39, L20705, doi:10.1029/2012GL053393 Download preprint.

Hezel, P.J., X. Zhang, C.M. Bitz, and B. Kelly, 2012: Projected decline in snow depth on Arctic sea ice caused by progressively later autumn open ocean freeze-up this century, GRL, 39, L17505, doi:10.1029/2012GL052794. Download preprint. Auxiliary materials.

Massonnet, F.T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, C.M. Bitz, G. Philippon-Berthier, M.M. Holland, and P.-Y. Barriat, 2012, Constraining projections of summer Arctic sea ice, The Cryosphere, 6, 1383-1394, doi:10.5194/tc-6-1383-2012 Publisher's website, Excellent related animation.

Bitz, C.M., K.M. Shell, P.R. Gent, D.A. Bailey, G. Danabasoglu, K.C. Armour, M.M. Holland, and J.T. Kiehl, 2012: Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model Version 4, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00290.1 Download preprint.

Goldenson, N., S. Doherty, C.M. Bitz, M.M. Holland, B. Light and A. Conley, 2012: Arctice Climate Response to Forcing from Light-Absorbing Particles in Snow and Sea Ice in CESM, Atmos Chem. Phys., 12, 7903-7920, 2012, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7903-2012 Publisher's website

Kirtman, B, C.M. Bitz, F. Bryan, W. Collins, J. Dennis, N. Hearn, J.L. Kinter III, R. Loft, C. Rousset, L. Siqueira, Cr. Stan, R. Tomas, and M. Vertenstein, 2012: Impact of Ocean Model Resolution on CCSM Climate Simulations, Volume 39, Number 6 (2012), 1303-1328, doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1500-3 Download preprint.

Kay, J.E, M.M. Holland, C.M. Bitz, A. Gettleman, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, A. Conley, and D.A Bailey, 2012: The influence of local feedbacks and heat transport on the equilibrium Arctic climate response to increased greenhouse gas forcings in coupled climate models, J. Climate, 25, 5433-5450. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00622.1 Download Preprint

Jahn, A., K. Sterling, M.M. Holland, J.E. Kay, J.A.Maslanik, C.M. Bitz, D.A. Bailey, J. Stroeve, E.C. Hunke, W.H. Lipscomb, and D. Pollak, 2012. Late 20th century simulation of Arctic sea-ice and ocean properties in the CCSM4, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00201.1. Download Preprint

Vancoppenolle, M. H. Goosse, C.M. Bitz, T. Fichefet, C. Lancelot, J.-L. Tison, 2012: A multi-layer sea ice micro-algae model with brine-nutrient coupling. In revision. available upon request.

McCusker, K. E, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2012: The Climate Response to Stratospheric Sulfate Injections and Implications for Addressing Climate Emergencies. Download preprint.

Bitz, C.M., J. K. Ridley, M. M. Holland, and H. Cattle, 2012: 20th and 21st century Arctic Climate in Global Climate Models, in Arctic Climate Change - The ACSYS Decade and Beyond, edited by P. Lemke and H.-W. Jacobi, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2027-5_11, p 405-436. download (This paper was accepted in its final form in August 2009, but it took 3 years before it went to press.)

Bitz, C.M., and S. Marshall, 2012: Modeling of the Cryosphere, Encyclopedia of Sustainablility Science and Technology. download

Hezel, P.J., B. Alexander, C.M. Bitz and S.J. Steig, 2011: Modeled methanesulfonic acid (MSA) deposition in Antarctica to understand a sea ice proxy, 116, D23214, 18 pp., doi:10.1029/2011JD016383 from publisher available upon request.

Armour, K.C. I. Eisenman, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, K.E. McCusker, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: The reversibility of sea ice loss in a state-of-the-art climate model, 38, L16705, doi:10.1029/2011GL048739. Download preprint .

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E. C. M. Bitz, and M.M. Holland, 2011: Influence of Initial Conditions and Climate Forcing on Predicting Arctic Sea Ice, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L18503, doi:10.1029/2011GL048807. Download preprint.

Pausata, F.S., D.S. Battisti, K.H. Nisancioglu, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: Chinese stalagmite: proxies for the Indian Monsoon response to archetypal Heinrich event, Nature Geosciences, 19 June, doi:10.1038/ngeo1169. Publisher's website

Eisenman, I., T. Schneider, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: Consistent changes in the sea ice seasonal cycle in response to global warming, J. Climate, 24, 5325-5335 doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI4051.1 Download preprint.

Kirkman, C. and C.M. Bitz, 2011: The Effect of the Sea Ice Freshwater Flux on Southern Ocean Temperatures in CCSM3: Deep Ocean Warming and Delayed Surface Warming, J. Climate, 24, pp. 2224-2237 doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3625. Download preprint.

Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., K. Armour, C. M. Bitz, and E. deWeaver, 2011: Persistence and inherent predictability of Arctic sea ice in a GCM ensemble and observations, J. Climate, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3775.1 Download reprint.

Armour, K., C. M. Bitz, L. Thompson and E. C. Hunke, 2011: Controls on Arctic sea ice from first-year and multi-year ice survivability, 24, pp. 2378-2390 doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3823.1. Download preprint

Amstrup, S.C., E. DeWeaver, D.C. Douglas, B.G. Marcot, G.M. Durner, C.M. Bitz, D.A. Bailey, 2010: Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence. Nature, doi:10.1038/nature09654.

Li, C, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2010: Characteristics and climate impacts of sea ice in the glacial North Atlantic. J. Climate, DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3409.1. Download from AMS.

Bitz, C.M., 2010: Numerical modeling of sea ice in the climate system, Lecture notes from IPY Sea Ice Summer School in 2007 download (This may also never be printed because the editor has stopped production.)

Hunke, E.C. and Bitz, C.M., 2009: Age characteristics in a Multidecadal Arctic Sea Ice Simulation. J. Geoph. Res., 114, C08013, doi:10.1029/2008JC005186. Download preprint

Goosse, H. O. Arzel, C.M. Bitz, A. de Montety, and M. Vancoppenolle, 2009: Increased variability of the Arctic summer ice extent in a warmer climate, Geophys. Res. Lett. doi:10.1029/2009GL040546. download

Eisenman, I., C.M. Bitz, and E. Tziperman, 2009: Rain driven by receding ice sheets as a cause of past climate change, Paleoceanography, 24, PA4209, doi:10.1029/2009PA001778. download

Rennert, K., G. Roe, J. Putkonen, C. M. Bitz, and D. Russell, 2009: The terrestrial and ecological impacts of rain on snow events in the circumpolar Arctic, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/ 2008JCLI2117.1.

Putkonen,J, T. C. Grenfell, Rennert, K., C.M. Bitz, P. Jacobson, and D. Russell, 2009: Rain on snow: Little understood killer in the North, EOS, vol 90, no 26, p 221-222.

Bitz, C.M. and Q. Fu, 2008: Arctic Warming Aloft is Dataset Dependent, Nature, doi:10.1038/ nature07258.

Bitz, C.M., 2008: Some aspects of uncertainty in predicting sea ice thinning, in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 63-76 , American Geophysical Union. download

Chiang, J.C.H., W. Cheng, and C.M. Bitz, 2008: Teleconnection mechanisms to the tropical Atlantic from an abrupt freshening of the North Atlantic ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07704, doi:10.1029/2008GL033292. download

Stern, H., R. Lindsay, C.M. Bitz, and P. Hezel, 2008: What is the trajectory of Arctic sea ice? in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 175-185, American Geophysical Union.

Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, B. Tremblay, D. Bailey, 2008: The role of natural versus forced change in future rapid summer Arctic ice loss, in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 133-150, American Geophysical Union. download

Cheng, W., C.M. Bitz, and J.C.H. Chiang, 2007: Adjustment of the global climate to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, in AGU monograph on "Past and Future Changes of the Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts" download

Bitz, C.M., J.C.H. Chiang, W. Cheng, 2007, and J.J. Barsugli: Rates of thermohaline recovery from freshwater pulses in Modern, Last Glacial Maximum and greenhouse warming Climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07708, doi:10.1029/2006GL029237. Download.

Bitz, C.M., P.R. Gent, R.A. Woodgate, M.M. Holland, and R. Lindsay, 2006: The influence of sea ice on ocean heat uptake in response to increasing CO2, J. Climate, Vol. 19, No. 11, pages 2437--2450. Download paper with fig 1 corrected after J Clim printing.
Vancoppenolle, C.M. Bitz, and M, T. Fichefet, 2006: Summer fast ice desalination at Point Barrow, Alaska: Model and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04022, doi:10.1029/2006JC003493
Vancoppenolle, M, T. Fichefet, and C.M. Bitz, 2006: An equilibrium simulation of the Arctic sea-ice salinity profile, Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, doi:10.1029/2006GL028342. abstract
Schneider, D.P., E.J. Steig, T.D. vanOmmen, D. Dixon, P.A. Mayewski, J.M. Jones, and C.M. Bitz 2006: Antarctic temperatures of the past two centuries from ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16707, doi:10.1029/2006GL027057. abstract

Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, 2006: Future abrupt reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett. doi:10.1029/2006GL028024. Download
Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, E.C. Hunke, W.H. Lipscomb, and J.L. Schramm, 2006: Influence of the Sea Ice Thickness Distribution on Polar Climate in CCSM3, J. Climate, 19, 2398--2414. abstract
DeWeaver, E., and C.M. Bitz, 2006: Atmospheric circulation and Arctic sea ice in CCSM3 at medium and high resolution, J. Climate. Vol. 19, No. 11, pages 2415--2436. Download

Bitz, C.M., M.M. Holland, E. Hunke, and R.E. Moritz, 2005: Maintenance of the sea-ice edge, J. Climate, 18, 2903--2921. Download.

Chiang, J.C.H, and C.M. Bitz, 2005: The influence of high latitude ice on the position of the marine Intertropical Convergence Zone, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0040-5 Download
Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, and E.C. Hunke, 2005: Mechanisms forcing an Antarctic dipole in simulated sea ice and surface ocean conditions, J. Climate, 18, pages 2052-2066. abstract

Vancoppenolle, M, T. Fichefet, and C.M. Bitz, 2005: On the sensitivity of undeformed Arctic sea ice to its vertical salinity profile, Geophys. Res. Lett., VOL. 32, L16502, doi:10.1029/2005GL023427. abstract

Bitz, C. M. and G. H. Roe, 2004: A Mechanism for the High Rate of Sea-Ice Thinning in the Arctic Ocean, J. Climate, 17, 3622--31. Download reprint.
Schmidt, G. A., C. M. Bitz, U. Mikolajewicz and L. B. Tremblay. 2004: Ice-ocean boundary conditions for coupled models. Ocean Modelling, 7, 59-74. doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00030-1. Download reprint.
Holland, M.M. and C.M. Bitz, 2003: Polar amplification of climate change in the coupled model intercomparison project, Climate Dynamics, 21, 221-232. Download reprint.
Moritz, R.E, Bitz, C.M., Steig, E. 2002: Dynamics of Recent Climate Change in the Arctic, Science, 297, 1497--1502.
Bitz, C.M., J. Fyfe, and G. Flato, 2002: Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models, J. Climate, 15, 522-536. Download preprint in Postscript.
Gent, P.R., A.P. Craig, C.M. Bitz, and J.W. Weatherly, 2002: Parameterization improvements in an eddy-permitting ocean model for climate, J. Climate. 15, 1447-1459. Download full manuscript in Postscript of PDF
Bitz, C.M., 2001: The Relations Among Sea Ice, Surface Temperature, and Atmospheric Circulation in Simulations of Future Climate. 4pp. Extended abstract from meeting on "Arctic Feedbacks to Global Change" in Rovaniemi, Finland (http://www.urova.fi/home/arktinen/a_keynotes.htm). Download paper from PDF.
Bitz, C.M., M.M. Holland, A.J. Weaver, M. Eby, 2001: Simulating the ice-thickness distribution in a coupled climate model, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 2441-2463. Download full manuscript in Postscript or PDF
Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, M. Eby, A.J. Weaver, 2001: The role of ice-ocean interactions in the variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate, 14, 656-675. Download
Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, A.J. Weaver, 2001: The influence of sea ice physics on simulations of climate change. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 2441-2464.
Weaver, A.J., M. Eby, E.C. Wiebe, C.M. Bitz, P.B. Duffy, T.L. Ewen, A.F. Fanning, M.M. Holland, A. MacFadyen, O. Saenko, A. Schmittner, H. Wang, and M. Yoshimori, 2001: The UVic Earth System Climate Model: Model Description, Climatology, and Applications to Past, Present, and Future Climates. Atmos.-Ocean, 39, 361-428.
Moritz, R.E. and C.M. Bitz, 2000: Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent, Science, 288, 924a. Technical Commentary on Vinnikov et al., 1999, Science 286, 1934.
Weaver, A.J., C.M. Bitz, A.F. Fanning, and M.M. Holland, 1999: Thermohaline circulation: High latitude phenomena and the difference between the Pacific and Atlantic, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27, 231-285.
Bitz, C.M., and W.H. Lipscomb, 1999: An energy-conserving thermodynamic model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,669-15,677. Download full manuscript in Postscript or PDF
Bitz, C.M., and D.S. Battisti, 1999: Interannual to Decadal Variability in Climate and the Glacier Mass Balance in Washington, Western Canada, and Alaska, J. Climate, 12, 3181-3196.
Battisti, D.S., C.M. Bitz and R.E. Moritz, 1997: Do General Circulation Models Underestimate the Natural Variability in the Arctic Climate? J. Climate, 10, 1909-1920.
Bitz, C.M., D.S. Battisti, R.E. Moritz and J.A. Beesley, 1996: Low-frequency variability in the Arctic atmosphere, sea ice, and upper-ocean climate system, J. Climate, 9, 394-408.