| Tropopause theta or tropopause potential temperature is the potential temperature on the 2 PVU surface.
Lower (cold) values correspond to relatively low tropopause heights while higher (warm) values correspond to
relatively high tropopause heights. Locally cold areas are cyclones while locally warm areas are anticyclones.
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| Tropopause pressure is the pressure on the 2 PVU surface. In general, higher pressures
correspond to lower tropopause heights and a greater chance of disturbed weather below.
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| Tropopause winds are the horizontal wind components on the 2 PVU surface.
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| Tropopause EPV diabatic tendencies are the changes in EPV
from all diabatic heating tendencies. Positive values indicate
regions where EPV is being created and negative values indicate regions where EPV is being destroyed. In general,
if there are positive (negative) values over a tropopause cyclone, the cyclone is strengthening (weakening).
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| Tropopause EPV radiational tendencies are the changes in EPV from the radiational component of the diabatic heating tendency.
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Tropopause EPV condensational tendencies are the changes in EPV from the condensational component of
the diabatic heating tendency.
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Tropopause EPV boundary layer and cumulus tendencies are the changes in EPV from both the planetary boundary layer
and cumulus components of the diabatic heating tendency.
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| Tropopause theta forecast error is the difference between a WRF forecast and GFS analysis of
tropopause potential temperature.
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| Tropopause theta instantaneous forecast error or daily error is the error of tropopause potential
temperature for one time.
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| Tropopause theta long-term average forecast error is the average of the model error of tropopause potential
temperature since the simulations began, on July 29, 2007.
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| Tropopause theta RMSE is the root mean square error of tropopause potential temperature. For example,
the 24-hour RMS error takes the square root of the difference between the WRF 24-hour forecast and GFS analysis
squared. Squaring ensures all values are necessarily positive.
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| Tropopause theta instantaneous RMSE or daily RMSE is the root mean square error of tropopause potential
temperature for one time.
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| Tropopause theta long-term average RMSE is the average of the root mean square error of tropopause potential
temperature since the simulations began, on July 29, 2007.
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| 3-hour accumulated precipitation is the total amount of precipitation that reaches the surface over a
3-hour period. If it is forecast to reach the ground in liquid form, then colors are plotted using a spectrum of
colors ranging from blue (lightest amounts) to red (greatest amounts). If it is forecast to reach the ground in
frozen form, then a gray colorscale is used to indicate it.
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| Column integrated cloud water and ice mixing ratio plots show where the model is predicting that clouds are
most likely to be located. Relatively thick clouds are indicated with brigher white colors while relatitively thinner clouds are
indicated by darker gray colors. The calculation is made by integrating cloud water and ice mixing ratios from
the ground to the top of the model.
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| 10-meter surface winds and SLP shows a plot of the horizontal wind magnitudes 10-meters above the ground in
colors in units of meters per second, with windbarbs overlaid in knots. Sea level pressure (SLP) is also overlaid
in contours.
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| Model soundings are Skew-T log-p plots following the location of lowest tropopause potential
temperature value in the domain. A composite sounding shows the average sounding at the location of lowest
tropopause potential temperature in the domain at analysis times only and when the minimum tropopause potential
temperature is more than three standard deviations lower than the background.
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| Sea ice analyses show the approximate locations of sea ice determined by locating areas where sea
surface temperatures are cold enough to be ice.
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