Link Key: Authors' name: abstract; (pdf): PDF of the full paper; DOI: journal (pdf & html papers)

Madaus, L. E., G. J. Hakim, and C. F. Mass, 2013: Utility of dense pressure observations for improving mesoscale analyses and forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  141,  submitted. (pdf)

Tardif, R., G. J. Hakim, and C. Snyder, 2013: Coupled atmosphere-ocean data assimilation experiments with a low-order climate model. Climate Dyn.,  36,  submitted. (pdf)

Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2013: Comparison of wave packets associated with extratropical transition and winter cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  141,  submitted. (pdf) 

Steiger. N. J., G. J. Hakim, E. J. Steig, D. S. Battisti, and G. H. Roe, 2013: Climate field reconstruction via data assimilation. J. Climate,  26,  accepted. (pdf) 

Navarro, E. L., and G. J. Hakim, 2013: Storm-centered ensemble data assimilation for tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  141,  submitted. (pdf) 

Cavallo, S. M., and G. J. Hakim, 2013: Physical mechanisms of tropopause polar vortex intensity change. J. Atmos. Sci.,  70,  accepted.  (pdf)  DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-13-088.1

Mauger, G. S., K. A. Bumbaco, G. J. Hakim, and P. W. Mote, 2013: Optimal design of a climatological network: beyond practical considerations. Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. 2,  199-212. (pdf) DOI: 10.5194/gi-2-199-2013

Brown, B. R., and G. J. Hakim, 2013: Variability and predictability of a three-dimensional hurricane in statistical equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci.,  70,  1806--1820. (pdf)  DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0112.1

Hakim, G. J., 2013: The variability and predictability of axisymmetric hurricanes in statistical equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci.,  70,  993-1005. (pdf)  DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0188.1

Cavallo, S. M., and G. J. Hakim, 2012:Radiative impact on tropopause polar vortices over the Arctic. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  140,  1683-1702. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00182.1

Pendergrass, A. G., G. J. Hakim, D. S. Battisti, and G. Roe, 2012:Coupled air--mixed-layer temperature predictability for climate reconstruction. J. Climate,  25,  459-472. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI4094.1

Mahajan, R. B., and G. J. Hakim, 2011: Spatial growth of perturbations in a turbulent baroclinic jet. J. Atmos. Sci.,  68,  2731-2741. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-038.1

Ancell, B. C., C. F. Mass, and G. J. Hakim, 2011: Evaluation of surface analyses and forecasts with a multi-scale ensemble Kalman filter in regions of complex terrain. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  139,  2008-2024. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2010MWR3612.1

Hakim, G. J., 2011: The mean state of axisymmetric hurricanes in statistical equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci.,  68,  1364--1376. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3644.1

Cavallo, S. M., and G. J. Hakim, 2010:The composite structure of tropopause polar cyclones from a mesoscale model . Mon. Wea. Rev.,  138,  3840--3857. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2010MWR3371.1

Huntley, H. S., and G. J. Hakim, 2010: Assimilation of time-averaged observations in a quasi-geostrophic atmospheric jet model. Climate Dyn.,  35, 995--1009. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0714-5

Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2009: Initial condition sensitivity of western-Pacific extratropical transitions determined using ensemble-based sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  137, 3388--3406. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR2879.1

Cavallo, S. M., and G. J. Hakim, 2009: Potential vorticity diagnosis of a tropopause polar cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  137,  1358--1371. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2008MWR2670.1

Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2009: Ensemble Data Assimilation applied to RAINEX observations of Hurricane Katrina (2005). Mon. Wea. Rev.,  137,  2817--2829. (pdf)  DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR2656.1

Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2008: Performance characteristics of a pseudo-operational ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  136,  3947--3963. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2008MWR2443.1

Hakim, G. J., 2008: A probabilistic theory for balance dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci.,  65,  2949--2960. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2007JAS2499.1

Torn, R. D., and G. J. Hakim, 2008: Ensemble-based sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  136,  663--677. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2007MWR2132.1

Hakim, G. J., and R. D. Torn, 2008: Ensemble Synoptic Analysis. Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology and Weather Analysis and Forecasting: A Tribute to Fred Sanders,  American Meteorological Society, 440 pp.(pdf)

Ancell, B., and G. J. Hakim, 2007: Interpreting adjoint and ensemble sensitivity toward the development of optimal observation targeting strategies. Met. Zeitschrift,  16,  635--642. (pdf) DOI:10.1127/0941-2948%2F2007%2F0250

Ancell, B., and G. J. Hakim, 2007: Comparing adjoint and ensemble sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  135,  4117--4134. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/2007MWR1904.1

Chen, C.-C., G. J. Hakim, and D. R. Durran, 2007: Transient mountain waves and their interaction with large scales. J. Atmos. Sci ,  64, 2378-2400. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS3972.1

Dirren, S., R. D. Torn, and G. J. Hakim, 2007: A data assimilation case-study using a limited-area ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  135, 1455--1473. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/MWR3358.1

Torn, R. D., G. J. Hakim, and C. Snyder, 2006: Boundary conditions for limited-area ensemble Kalman filters. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  134,  2490--2502. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/MWR3187.1

Chen, C.-C., D. R. Durran, and G. J. Hakim, 2005: Mountain wave momentum flux in an evolving synoptic-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci ,  62,  3213--3231. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS3543.1

Snyder, C., and G. J. Hakim, 2005: Cyclogenetic perturbations and analysis errors decomposed into singular vectors J. Atmos. Sci.,  62, 2234--2247. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS3458.1

Stevens, M. R., and G. J. Hakim, 2005: Perturbation growth in baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci.,  62,  2847--2863. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS3502.1

Patoux, J., G. J. Hakim, and R. A. Brown, 2005: Diagnosis of frontal instabilities over the Southern Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  133,  863--875. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/MRW2883.1

Hakim, G. J., 2005: Vertical structure of midlatitude analysis and forecast errors. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  133,  567--578. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/MWR-2882.1

Dirren, S., and G. J. Hakim, 2005: Toward the assimilation of time-averaged observations. Geophys. Res. Lett.,  32, L04804. (pdf) DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021444

Hakim, G. J., and A. Canavan, 2005: Observed cyclone--anticyclone tropopause vortex asymmetries. J. Atmos. Sci.,  62,  231--240. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/JAS-3353.1

Hacker, J., J. Hansen, J. Burner, Y. Chen, G. Eshel, G. Hakim, S. Lazarus, S. Majumdar, R. Morss, A. Poje, V. Sheremet, Y. Tang, and C. Webb, 2005: UCAR/NCAR Junior Faculty Forum on future scientific directions: Predictability. Bulletin AMS 86, 1733--1737.> DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-86-12-1733

Hakim, G. J., 2003: Developing wave packets in the North Pacific storm track. Mon. Wea. Rev.,  131,  2824--2837.  (pdf)  DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2824:DWPITN>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., 2003: Cyclogenesis. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, J. Holton, J. Curry, and J. Pyle, Eds., Academic Press, 589--594.

Hakim, G. J., C. Snyder, and D. J. Muraki, 2002: A new surface model for cyclone--anticyclone asymmetry. J. Atmos. Sci.,  59,  2405--2420.  (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2405:ANSMFC>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., and D. Keyser, 2001: Canonical frontal circulation patterns in terms of Green's functions for the Sawyer--Eliassen equation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc,  127,  1795--1814.  (pdf) DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712757517

Muraki, D. J., and G. J. Hakim, 2001:  Balanced asymmetries of waves on the tropopause. J.Atmos. Sci.,  58,  237--252. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0237:BAOWOT>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., 2000:  Role of nonmodal growth and nonlinearity in cyclogenesis initial-value problems. J. Atmos. Sci.,  57,  2951--2967. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2951:RONGAN>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., 2000: Climatology of coherent structures on the extratropical tropopause. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, in 385--406. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0385:COCSOT>2.0.CO;2

Dickinson, M. L., L. F. Bosart, W. E. Bracken, G. J. Hakim, D. M. Schultz, M. A. Bedrick, and K. R. Tyle, 1997: The March 1993 Superstorm cyclogenesis: Incipient phase synoptic- and convective-scale flow interaction and model performance. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3041--3072. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<3041:TMSCIP>2.0.CO;2

Schultz, D. M., W. E. Bracken, L. F. Bosart, G. J. Hakim, M. A. Bedrick, M. J. Dickinson, and K. R. Tyle, 1997: The 1993 Superstorm cold surge: Frontal structure, gap flow, and tropical impact. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 5-39. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0005:TSCSFS>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., D. Keyser, and L. F. Bosart, 1996: The Ohio Valley wave-merger cyclogenesis event of 25-26 January 1978. Part II: Diagnosis Using Quasigeostrophic Potential Vorticity Inversion.  Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2176--2205. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2176:TOVWMC>2.0.CO;2

Bosart, L. F., G. J. Hakim, K. R. Tyle, M. A. Bedrick, W. E. Bracken, M. J. Dickinson, and D. M. Schultz, 1996: Large-scale antecedent conditions associated with the 12-14 March 1993 cyclone (``Superstorm '93'') over eastern North America.  Mon. Wea. Rev.,124, 1865--1891. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1865:LSACAW>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., L. F. Bosart, and D. Keyser, 1995: The Ohio Valley wave-merger cyclogenesis event of 25-26 January 1978. Part I: Multiscale case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2663-2692. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2663:TOVWMC>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., and L. W. Uccellini, 1992: Diagnosing coupled jet-streak circulations for a Northern Plains snow band from the operational nested-grid model. Wea. Forecasting,  7, 26-48. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0026:DCJSCF>2.0.CO;2

Hakim, G. J., 1992: The eastern United States side-door cold front of 22 April 1987: A case study of an intense atmospheric density current. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2738-2762. (pdf) DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2738:TEUSSD>2.0.CO;2

James R. Holton and Gregory J. Hakim, 2013: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 5th Edition. Academic Press. 532pp.

Hakim, G. J., 2001: Review of An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics, by David G. Andrews.  Eos, 82, p. 502.

Hakim, G. J., 2000: Review of Atmospheric Dynamics, by John Green.  Eos, 81, p. 129.

Hakim, G. J., 1999: Cyclogenesis by tropopause coherent structures. Preprints Eighth Conference on Mesoscale Processes, Boulder, Colorado, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 200--202.

Hakim, G. J., and D. J. Muraki, 1999: Tropopause dynamics beyond quasigeostrophy. Preprints Twelfth Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, New York, New York, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 50--52.

Hakim, G. J., and D. Keyser, 1997: Tropopause-based precursors to extratropical cyclogenesis: Coherent structures or Rossby waves?  Preprints Eleventh Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, Tacoma, Washington, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J15--J19.

Hakim, G. J., D. Keyser, and L. F. Bosart, 1996: Diagnosis of tropopause-based coherent structures. Preprints Seventh Conference on Mesoscale Processes, Reading, United Kingdom, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 17--20.

Hakim, G. J., D. Keyser, and L. F. Bosart, 1994: Diagnosis of wave--merger cyclogenesis through quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity inversion.  Preprints International Symposium on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, Vol. II, S. Gr{\o}n{\aa}s and M. A. Shapiro, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway, 221--226.

Bishop, C., D. Keyser, and G. J. Hakim, 1994: Vorticity constraints at horizontal boundaries and their implications for pv thinking. Preprints International Symposium on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, Vol. II, S. Gr{\o}n{\aa}s and M. A. Shapiro, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway, 127.

Hakim, G. J., and L. W. Uccellini, 1991: Diagnosing coupled jet streak circulations for a northern plains snow band from the operational nested-grid model. Preprints First International Symposium on Winter Storms,  New Orleans, La., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90--96.

Hakim, G. J. 1991: An investigation of possible consequences of recurving Western Pacific typhoons on the general circulation. (pdf)

Scott, J. T., and collaborators, 1989: Crustal expansion and contraction in response to climatic change as a mechanism for driving the earth’s tectonic plates. Published online here.