ATM S 370, Winter 2009
Atmospheric Structure and Analysis

Course Outline

1.  Atmospheric Observing Systems

Lectures:  Surface observations-ASOS and other networks.  Altimeter setting and sea level pressure.  Upper air observations-radiosondes, profilers, ACARS.  Radar and satellite observations. Lightning detection networks.
Labs: METAR and Pressure reduction exercises.  Station models.  Introduction to online data and analysis resources. 

2. Weather Forecasting Boot Camp

Lectures:  Major steps in weather prediction.  Numerical weather prediction and models.  Forecast postprocessing.  Approaches to prediction. 
Labs:  Comparisons of weather prediction model forecasts, forecast exercises.

3.  Introduction to Synoptic Analysis

Lectures:  Scalar analysis.  Rapid review of geostrophic, gradient and ageostrophic wind relationships. Upper atmospheric analysis.
Labs:  500 mb and 850 mb analyses.  Instruction on online analysis tools (garp, department commands).

4.  Atmospheric Structure

Lectures:  Thickness, thermal wind, and jet streams.  Frontogenesis.  Upper level fronts.  Vorticity and potential vorticity.
Labs: 300 and 200 mb analyses.  Thermal wind lab. GARP analysis.

5.  Basic conceptual Models of Cyclones and Fronts

Lectures: Norwegian conceptual model.  Isobaric and frontal analysis. Frontal and boundary-layer clouds and their relationship to synoptic structures.
Labs: Surface analysis.   Cross sectional analyzes.

6.  Introduction to Weather Satellites and their Imagery

Lectures:  Hardware description. Basic concepts. Enhancement curves. Interpretation of visible, infrared, microwave, and moisture imagery.
Labs: Analysis of satellite imagery.

7.  Modern Ideas on Synoptic Structure and Development.

Lecture:  Shapiro and Keyser model, conveyor belt conceptual models.  Split fronts and cold fronts aloft.  Three dimensional airflow in cyclones. Numerical simulations of cyclone/frontal evolution.
Labs: GARP analysis of three-dimensional structures, trajectory analyzes using model data.

8. Tropical Meteorology.

Lectures: Basic characteristics and comparison to midlatitudes. Easterly waves and tropical storms.
Labs: Streamline and isotach analysis.