Select Publications (Cecilia's CV has a complete listing)

• Armour, K. C., C. M. Bitz, and G. H. Roe,  2013: Time-varying climate sensitivity from regional feedbacks, J. Climate, in press, Download preprint.

• Turner, A.K., E.C. Hunke, and C. M. Bitz, 2013: Two modes of sea-ice gravity drainage, submitted, available upon request.

• Singh, H.A., D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2013: A Heuristic Model of Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles: Description, Results, and Sensitivity Studies: Part I, submitted, available upon requiest.

• Shields, A.L., V.S. Meadows, C.M. Bitz, R.T. Pierrehumbert, M.J. Joshi, T.D. Robinson, 2013: The effect of host star spectral energy distribution and ice-albedo feedback on the climate of extrasolar planets, submitted, available upon request.

• Bitz, C.M. and L.M. Polvani,  2012: Antarctic Climate Response to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in a Fine Resolution Ocean Climate Model, GRL, 39, L20705, doi:10.1029/2012GL053393 Download preprint.

• Hezel, P.J., X. Zhang, C.M. Bitz, and B. Kelly,  2012: Projected decline in snow depth on Arctic sea ice caused by progressively later autumn open ocean freeze-up this century, GRL, 39, L17505, doi:10.1029/2012GL052794. Download preprint. Auxiliary materials.

• Massonnet, F.T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, C.M. Bitz, G. Philippon-Berthier, M.M. Holland, and P.-Y. Barriat, 2012, Constraining projections of summer Arctic sea ice, The Cryosphere, 6, 1383-1394, doi:10.5194/tc-6-1383-2012 Publisher's website, Excellent related animation.

• Bitz, C.M., K.M. Shell, P.R. Gent, D.A. Bailey, G. Danabasoglu, K.C. Armour, M.M. Holland, and J.T. Kiehl,  2012: Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model Version 4, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00290.1 Download preprint.

• Goldenson, N., S. Doherty, C.M. Bitz, M.M. Holland, B. Light and A. Conley,  2012: Arctice Climate Response to Forcing from Light-Absorbing Particles in Snow and Sea Ice in CESM, Atmos Chem. Phys., 12, 7903-7920, 2012, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7903-2012 Publisher's website

• Kirtman, B, C.M. Bitz, F. Bryan, W. Collins, J. Dennis, N. Hearn, J.L. Kinter III, R. Loft, C. Rousset, L. Siqueira, Cr. Stan, R. Tomas, and M. Vertenstein, 2012: Impact of Ocean Model Resolution on CCSM Climate Simulations, Volume 39, Number 6 (2012), 1303-1328, doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1500-3 Download preprint.

• Kay, J.E, M.M. Holland, C.M. Bitz, A. Gettleman, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, A. Conley, and D.A Bailey, 2012: The influence of local feedbacks and heat transport on the equilibrium Arctic climate response to increased greenhouse gas forcings in coupled climate models, J. Climate, 25, 5433-5450. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00622.1 Download Preprint

• Jahn, A., K. Sterling, M.M. Holland, J.E. Kay, J.A.Maslanik, C.M. Bitz, D.A. Bailey, J. Stroeve, E.C. Hunke, W.H. Lipscomb, and D. Pollak, 2012. Late 20th century simulation of Arctic sea-ice and ocean properties in the CCSM4, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00201.1. Download Preprint

• Vancoppenolle, M. H. Goosse, C.M. Bitz, T. Fichefet, C. Lancelot, J.-L. Tison, 2012: A multi-layer sea ice micro-algae model with brine-nutrient coupling. In revision. available upon request.

• McCusker, K. E, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2012: The Climate Response to Stratospheric Sulfate Injections and Implications for Addressing Climate Emergencies. Download preprint.

• Bitz, C.M., J. K. Ridley, M. M. Holland, and H. Cattle, 2012: 20th and 21st century Arctic Climate in Global Climate Models, in Arctic Climate Change - The ACSYS Decade and Beyond, edited by P. Lemke and H.-W. Jacobi, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2027-5_11, p 405-436. download (This paper was accepted in its final form in August 2009, but it took 3 years before it went to press.)

• Bitz, C.M., and S. Marshall, 2012: Modeling of the Cryosphere,  Encyclopedia of Sustainablility Science and Technology. download

• Hezel, P.J., B. Alexander, C.M. Bitz and S.J. Steig, 2011: Modeled methanesulfonic acid (MSA) deposition in Antarctica to understand a sea ice proxy, 116, D23214, 18 pp., doi:10.1029/2011JD016383 from publisher available upon request.
  

• Armour, K.C. I. Eisenman, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, K.E. McCusker, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: The reversibility of sea ice loss in a state-of-the-art climate model, 38, L16705, doi:10.1029/2011GL048739. Download preprint .

• Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E. C. M. Bitz, and M.M. Holland, 2011: Influence of Initial Conditions and Climate Forcing on Predicting Arctic Sea Ice, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L18503, doi:10.1029/2011GL048807. Download preprint.

• Pausata, F.S., D.S. Battisti, K.H. Nisancioglu, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: Chinese stalagmite: proxies for the Indian Monsoon response to archetypal Heinrich event, Nature Geosciences, 19 June, doi:10.1038/ngeo1169. Publisher's website

• Eisenman, I., T. Schneider, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2011: Consistent changes in the sea ice seasonal cycle in response to global warming, J. Climate, 24, 5325-5335 doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI4051.1 Download preprint.

• Kirkman, C. and C.M. Bitz, 2011: The Effect of the Sea Ice Freshwater Flux on Southern Ocean Temperatures in CCSM3: Deep Ocean Warming and Delayed Surface Warming, J. Climate, 24, pp. 2224-2237 doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3625. Download preprint.

• Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E., K. Armour, C. M. Bitz, and E. deWeaver, 2011: Persistence and inherent predictability of Arctic sea ice in a GCM ensemble and observations, J. Climate, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3775.1 Download reprint.

• Armour, K., C. M. Bitz, L. Thompson and E. C. Hunke, 2011: Controls on Arctic sea ice from first-year and multi-year ice survivability,  24, pp. 2378-2390 doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3823.1. Download preprint

• Amstrup, S.C., E. DeWeaver, D.C. Douglas, B.G. Marcot, G.M. Durner, C.M. Bitz, D.A. Bailey, 2010: Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence. Nature,  doi:10.1038/nature09654.

• Li, C, D.S. Battisti, and C.M. Bitz, 2010: Characteristics and climate impacts of sea ice in the glacial North Atlantic. J. Climate, DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3409.1. Download from AMS.

• Bitz, C.M., 2010: Numerical modeling of sea ice in the climate system, Lecture notes from IPY Sea Ice Summer School in 2007 download (This may also never be printed because the editor has stopped production.)

• Hunke, E.C. and Bitz, C.M., 2009: Age characteristics in a Multidecadal Arctic Sea Ice Simulation. J. Geoph. Res., 114, C08013, doi:10.1029/2008JC005186. Download preprint

• Goosse, H. O. Arzel, C.M. Bitz, A. de Montety, and M. Vancoppenolle, 2009: Increased variability of the Arctic summer ice extent in a warmer climate, Geophys. Res. Lett. doi:10.1029/2009GL040546. download

• Eisenman, I., C.M. Bitz, and E. Tziperman, 2009: Rain driven by receding ice sheets as a cause of past climate change, Paleoceanography, 24, PA4209, doi:10.1029/2009PA001778. download

• Rennert, K., G. Roe, J. Putkonen, C. M. Bitz, and D. Russell, 2009: The terrestrial and ecological impacts of rain on snow events in the circumpolar Arctic, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/ 2008JCLI2117.1.

• Putkonen,J, T. C. Grenfell, Rennert, K., C.M. Bitz, P. Jacobson, and D. Russell, 2009: Rain on snow: Little understood killer in the North, EOS, vol 90, no 26, p 221-222.

• Bitz, C.M. and Q. Fu, 2008: Arctic Warming Aloft is Dataset Dependent, Nature, doi:10.1038/ nature07258.

• Bitz, C.M., 2008: Some aspects of uncertainty in predicting sea ice thinning, in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 63-76 , American Geophysical Union. download

• Chiang, J.C.H., W. Cheng, and C.M. Bitz, 2008: Teleconnection mechanisms to the tropical Atlantic from an abrupt freshening of the North Atlantic ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07704, doi:10.1029/2008GL033292. download

• Stern, H., R. Lindsay, C.M. Bitz, and P. Hezel, 2008: What is the trajectory of Arctic sea ice? in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 175-185, American Geophysical Union.

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, B. Tremblay, D. Bailey, 2008: The role of natural versus forced change in future rapid summer Arctic ice loss, in Arctic Sea Ice Decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol , edited by E. deWeaver, C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, pp. 133-150, American Geophysical Union. download

• Cheng, W., C.M. Bitz, and J.C.H. Chiang, 2007: Adjustment of the global climate to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, in AGU monograph on "Past and Future Changes of the Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts" download

• Bitz, C.M., J.C.H. Chiang, W. Cheng, 2007, and J.J. Barsugli: Rates of thermohaline recovery from freshwater pulses in Modern, Last Glacial Maximum and greenhouse warming Climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07708, doi:10.1029/2006GL029237. Download.
  

• Bitz, C.M., P.R. Gent, R.A. Woodgate, M.M. Holland, and R. Lindsay, 2006: The influence of sea ice on ocean heat uptake in response to increasing CO2, J. Climate, Vol. 19, No. 11, pages 2437--2450.   Download paper with fig 1 corrected after J Clim printing.

• Vancoppenolle, C.M. Bitz, and M, T. Fichefet, 2006: Summer fast ice desalination at Point Barrow, Alaska: Model and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04022, doi:10.1029/2006JC003493
   
  
• Vancoppenolle, M, T. Fichefet, and C.M. Bitz, 2006: An equilibrium simulation of the Arctic sea-ice salinity profile, Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, doi:10.1029/2006GL028342. abstract
   
  
• Schneider, D.P., E.J. Steig, T.D. vanOmmen, D. Dixon, P.A. Mayewski, J.M. Jones, and C.M. Bitz 2006: Antarctic temperatures of the past two centuries from ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16707, doi:10.1029/2006GL027057. abstract
  

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, 2006: Future abrupt reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett. doi:10.1029/2006GL028024. Download
  

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, E.C. Hunke, W.H. Lipscomb, and J.L. Schramm, 2006: Influence of the Sea Ice Thickness Distribution on Polar Climate in CCSM3,  J.  Climate, 19, 2398--2414. abstract

• DeWeaver, E., and C.M. Bitz, 2006: Atmospheric circulation and Arctic sea ice in CCSM3 at medium and high resolution, J. Climate. Vol. 19, No. 11, pages 2415--2436. Download
  

• Bitz, C.M., M.M. Holland, E. Hunke, and R.E. Moritz, 2005: Maintenance of the sea-ice edge, J. Climate,  18, 2903--2921. Download.

• Chiang, J.C.H, and C.M. Bitz, 2005: The influence of high latitude ice on the position of the marine Intertropical Convergence Zone, Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0040-5 Download

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, and E.C. Hunke, 2005: Mechanisms forcing an Antarctic dipole in simulated sea ice and surface ocean conditions, J. Climate, 18, pages 2052-2066. abstract
  

• Vancoppenolle, M, T. Fichefet, and C.M. Bitz, 2005: On the sensitivity of undeformed Arctic sea ice to its vertical salinity profile, Geophys. Res. Lett., VOL. 32, L16502, doi:10.1029/2005GL023427. abstract

• Bitz, C. M. and G. H. Roe, 2004: A Mechanism for the High Rate of Sea-Ice Thinning in the Arctic Ocean, J. Climate, 17, 3622--31. Download reprint.

• Schmidt, G. A., C. M. Bitz, U. Mikolajewicz and L. B. Tremblay. 2004: Ice-ocean boundary conditions for coupled models. Ocean Modelling, 7, 59-74. doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00030-1. Download reprint.

• Holland, M.M. and C.M. Bitz, 2003: Polar amplification of climate change in the coupled model intercomparison project, Climate Dynamics, 21, 221-232. Download reprint.

• Moritz, R.E, Bitz, C.M., Steig, E. 2002: Dynamics of Recent Climate Change in the Arctic, Science, 297, 1497--1502.

• Bitz, C.M., J. Fyfe, and G. Flato, 2002: Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models, J. Climate, 15, 522-536. Download preprint in Postscript.

• Gent, P.R., A.P. Craig, C.M. Bitz, and J.W. Weatherly, 2002: Parameterization improvements in an eddy-permitting ocean model for climate, J. Climate. 15, 1447-1459. Download full manuscript in Postscript of PDF

• Bitz, C.M., 2001: The Relations Among Sea Ice, Surface Temperature, and Atmospheric Circulation in Simulations of Future Climate. 4pp. Extended abstract from meeting on "Arctic Feedbacks to Global Change" in Rovaniemi, Finland (http://www.urova.fi/home/arktinen/a_keynotes.htm). Download paper from PDF.

• Bitz, C.M., M.M. Holland, A.J. Weaver, M. Eby, 2001: Simulating the ice-thickness distribution in a coupled climate model, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 2441-2463. Download full manuscript in Postscript or PDF

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, M. Eby, A.J. Weaver, 2001: The role of ice-ocean interactions in the variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J. Climate, 14, 656-675. Download

• Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, A.J. Weaver, 2001: The influence of sea ice physics on simulations of climate change. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 2441-2464.

• Weaver, A.J., M. Eby, E.C. Wiebe, C.M. Bitz, P.B. Duffy, T.L. Ewen, A.F. Fanning, M.M. Holland, A. MacFadyen, O. Saenko, A. Schmittner, H. Wang, and M. Yoshimori, 2001: The UVic Earth System Climate Model: Model Description, Climatology, and Applications to Past, Present, and Future Climates. Atmos.-Ocean, 39, 361-428.

• Moritz, R.E. and C.M. Bitz, 2000: Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent, Science, 288, 924a. Technical Commentary on Vinnikov et al., 1999, Science 286, 1934.

• Weaver, A.J., C.M. Bitz, A.F. Fanning, and M.M. Holland, 1999: Thermohaline circulation: High latitude phenomena and the difference between the Pacific and Atlantic, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27, 231-285.

• Bitz, C.M., and W.H. Lipscomb, 1999: An energy-conserving thermodynamic model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,669-15,677. Download full manuscript in Postscript or PDF

• Bitz, C.M., and D.S. Battisti, 1999: Interannual to Decadal Variability in Climate and the Glacier Mass Balance in Washington, Western Canada, and Alaska, J. Climate, 12, 3181-3196.

• Battisti, D.S., C.M. Bitz and R.E. Moritz, 1997: Do General Circulation Models Underestimate the Natural Variability in the Arctic Climate? J. Climate, 10, 1909-1920.

• Bitz, C.M., D.S. Battisti, R.E. Moritz and J.A. Beesley, 1996: Low-frequency variability in the Arctic atmosphere, sea ice, and upper-ocean climate system, J. Climate, 9, 394-408.