1965

Holton, J. R., 1965: The influence of viscous boundary layers on transient motions in a stratified rotating fluid: Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 402-411.

Holton, J. R. 1965: The influence of viscous boundary layers on transient motions in a stratified rotating fluid: Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 535-540.

1967

Holton, J. R., 1967: The diurnal boundary layer wind oscillation above sloping terrain. Tellus, 19, 199-205.

Holton, J. R., 1967: A stable finite difference scheme for the linearized vorticity and divergence equation system. J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 519-522.

1968

Wallace, J. M., and J. R. Holton, 1968: A diagnostic numerical model of the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 280-292.

Holton, J. R., 1968: A note on the propagation of the biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 519-521.

Holton, J. R. and R. S. Lindzen, 1968: A note on 'Kelvin' waves in the atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 385-386.

Holton, J. R. and P. H. Stone, 1968: A note on the spin-up of a stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 33, 127-129.

Holton, J. R. and J. A. Businger, 1968: Ice on Venus: Can it exist? Science, 161, 915-916.

Lindzen, R. S. and J. R. Holton, 1968: A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1095-1107.

1969

Holton, J. R., 1969: A note on the scale analysis of tropical motions. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 770-771.

1970

Holton, J. R., 1970: The influence of mean wind shear on the propagation of Kelvin waves. Tellus, 22, 186-193.

Holton, J. R., 1970: A note on forced equatorial waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 614-615.

Holton, J. R., 1970: On the theory of easterly waves. Proceedings of the Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, E III, American Meteorological Society, 1-4.

1971

Holton, J. R., 1971: A diagnostic model for equatorial wave disturbances: The role of vertical shear of the mean zonal wind. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 55-64.

Holton, J. R., J. M. Wallace and J. A. Young, 1971: On boundary layer dynamics and the ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 279-280.

Holton, J. R., 1971: An experimental study of forced barotropic Rossby waves. Geophys. Fluid Dynamics, 2, 323-341.

Holton, J. R., and J. M. Wallace, 1971: On the nature of large scale eddies in the tropical lower stratosphere. The General Circulation of the Tropical Atmosphere and Interactions with Extratropical Latitudes. Vol. II, (R. E. Newell, ed.) MIT Press, 295-309.

1972

Holton, J. R., 1972: Waves in the equatorial stratosphere generated by tropospheric heat sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 368-375.

Holton, J. R., and R. S. Lindzen, 1972: An updated theory for the quasi-biennial cycle of the tropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1076-1080.

Holton, J. R., and D. Colton, 1972: A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200 mb in the tropics during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1124-1128.

Holton, J. R., 1972: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Academic Press, New York, 319 pp.

Holton, J. R., 1972: Herbert Riehl, "Introduction to the Atmosphere", Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 53, 700-701 (review).

1973

Holton, J. R., 1973: A one-dimensional cumulus model including pressure perturbations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 201-205.

Holton, J. R., 1973: On the frequency distribution of atmospheric Kelvin waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 499-501.

Holton, J. R., and R. S. Lindzen, 1973: Internal gravity wave-mean wind interaction. Science, 182, 85-86.

1974

Holton, J. R., 1974: Comments on 'Movable CISK'. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 833-834.

Holton, J. R., 1974: Forcing of mean flows by stationary waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 942-945.

Holton, J. R., 1974: On the trapping of unstable baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2220-2222.

Holton, J. R., 1974: "Dynamic Meteorology", (P. Morel Ed.), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 55, 781-782 (review).

Holton, J. R., 1974: Van Mieghem, "Atmospheric Energetics", Icarus, 21, 210-211 (review).

1975

Holton, J. R., 1975: On the influence of boundary layer friction on mixed Rossby-gravity waves. Tellus, 27, 107-115.

Holton, J. R., 1975: The dynamic meteorology of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Meteor. Monographs, Vol. 15, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 218 pp. 

Holton, J. R., 1975: "Atmospheric Waves", by Tom Beer. EOS, 56, 697-698 (review).

1976

Holton, J. R., 1976: A semi-spectral numerical model for wave-mean flow interactions in the stratosphere. Application to the sudden stratospheric warmings. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1639-1649.

Holton, J. R., and C. Mass, 1976: Stratospheric vacillation cycles. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2218-2225.

1977

Holton, J. R., 1977: Comments on frictional effects on thermally forced waves. Tellus, 29, 286.

1978

Holton, J. R. and T. Dunkerton, 1978: On the role of wave transience and dissipation in stratospheric mean flow variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 740-744.

1979

Holton, J. R., 1979: "Waves in Fluids" by James Lighthill. EOS, 60, 160 (review).

Holton, J. R., 1979: Equatorial wave-mean flow interaction: a numerical study of the role of latitudinal shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1030-1040.

Holton, J. R., 1979: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Second Edition. Academic Press, New York, 416 pp.

Holton, J. R., and W. H. Wehrbein, 1979: A semi-spectral numerical model for the large scale stratospheric circulation. Middle Atmosphere Project, Rpt. No. 1, University of Washington, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences.

1980

Holton, J. R., 1980: Wave propagation and transport in the middle atmosphere. Phil Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., A296, 73-85.

Holton, J. R., and W. H. Wehrbein, 1980: A numerical model of the zonal mean circulation of the middle atmosphere. PAGEOPH, 118, 284-306.

Holton, J. R., 1980: The dynamics of sudden stratospheric warmings. Ann. Revs. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 8, 169-190.

The Polar Group, 1980: A review of polar problems in climate research. Revs. of Geophys. and Space Physics, 18, 525-543.

Holton, J. R,. and W. M. Wehrbein, 1980: The role of forced planetary waves in the annual cycle of the zonal mean circulation of the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1968-1983.

Holton, J. R., and Hsiu-Chi Tan, 1980: The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200-2208.

1981

Holton, J. R. and W. M. Wehrbein, 1981: A further study of the annual cycle of the zonal mean circulation in the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1504-1509.

Holton, J. R., 1981: An advective model for two-dimensional transport of stratospheric trace species. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11,989-11,994.

1982

Webster, P. J., and J. R. Holton, 1982: Cross equatorial response to middle-latitude forcing in a zonally varying basic state. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 722-733.

Holton, J. R., 1982: The role of gravity wave induced drag and diffusion in the momentum budget of the mesosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 791-799.

Holton, J. R. and H.-C. Tan, 1982: The quasi-biennial oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 140-148.

Holton, J. R., 1982: Cyclone. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 833-834.

Holton, J. R., 1982: "Weather Variability" and "Possible Physical Mechanisms: Dynamic Coupling" Solar Variability, Weather, and Climate, pp. 48-53 and 79-82. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

1983

Holton, J. R., 1983: "Atmospheric-Ocean Dynamics" by Adrian E. Gill. Science, 219, 380 (review).

Holton, J. R., 1983: The stratosphere and its links to the troposphere. In Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere, (B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce, Eds.), Academic Press, 277-303.

Holton, J. R., 1983: The dynamics of large scale atmospheric motions. Rev. Geosphy. Space Phys., 21, 2021-2027.

Holton, J. R., 1983: The influence of gravity wave breaking on the general circulation of the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2497-2507.

1984

Holton, J. R., 1984: Troposphere-stratosphere exchange of trace constituents: The water vapor puzzle. Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere. (J. R. Holton and T. Matsuno, Eds.), Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 369-386.

Fritts, D. C., M. A. Geller, B. B. Balsley, M. L. Chanin, I. Hirota, J. R. Holton, S. Kato, R. S. Lindzen, M. R. Schoeberl, R. A. Vincent, and R. F. Woodman, 1984: Research Status and Recommendations from the Alaska Workshop on Gravity Waves and Turbulence in the Middle Atmosphere, Fairbanks, Alaska, 18-22 July 1983. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 149-159.

Holton, J. R., and Xun Zhu, 1984: A further study of gravity wave induced drag and diffusion in the mesosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2653-2662.

Holton, J. R., 1984: The generation of mesospheric planetary waves by zonally asymmetric gravity wave breaking. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3427-3430.

1985

Hess, P. G., and J. R. Holton, 1985: The origin of temporal variance in long lived trace constituents in the summer stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1455-1463.

Hess, P. G., and J. R. Holton, 1985: Tracer transport by planetary waves: A comparison of explicit and parameterized models. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1580-1591.

Baldwin, M. P., H. J. Edmon, and J. R. Holton, 1985: A diagnostic study of eddy-mean flow interactions during FGGE SOP-1. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1838, 1845.

1986

Holton, J. R., 1986: Meridional distribution of stratospheric trace constituents. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1238-1242.

Holton, J. R., 1986: A dynamically based transport parameterization for one-dimensional photochemical models. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2681-2686.

Zhu, X., and J. R. Holton, 1986: Photochemical damping of inertio-gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2578-2584.

1987

Zhu, X., and J. R. Holton, 1987: Mean fields induced by local gravity -wave forcing in the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 620-630.

Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. Academic Press, 489 pp.

Holton, J. R., 1987: The production of temporal variability in trace constituent concentrations. Transport Processes in the Middle Atmosphere. ( G. Visconti and R. Garcia, Eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Company, 313-326.

Holton, J. R., 1987: Issues in atmospheric and oceanic modeling. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 11, 204-206 (review).

1988

Baldwin, M. P., and J. R. Holton, 1988: Climatology of the stratospheric polar vortex and planetary wave breaking. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1123-1142.

Holton, J. R., and W.-K. Choi, 1988: Transport circulation deduced from SAMS trace species data. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1929-1939.

Holton, J. R., and M. R. Schoeberl, 1988: The role of gravity wave generated advection and diffusion in transport of tracers in the mesosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11,075-11,082.

Yoden, S. and J. R. Holton, 1988: A new look at equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2703-2717.

1989

Holton, J. R., 1989: Influence of the annual cycle in meridional transport on the quasi-biennial oscillation in total ozone. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1434-1439.

Holton, J. R., 1989: Global transport processes in the atmosphere. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (O. Hutzinger, Ed.), 1, Pt. E., Springer-Verlag, 98-145.

1990

Holton, J. R., 1990: On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 392-395.

Austin, J., and J. R. Holton, 1990: A model of stratospheric chemistry and transport on an isentropic surface. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 11,875-11,901. 

1991

Holton, J. R., and J. Austin, 1991: The influence of the equatorial QBO on sudden stratospheric warmings. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 607-618.

Lim, G. H., J. R. Holton, and J. M. Wallace, 1991: The structure of the ageostrophic wind field in baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1733-1745.

Mote, P. W., J. R. Holton, and J. M. Wallace, 1991: Variability in total ozone associated with baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1900-1903.

Takahashi, M. and J. R. Holton, 1991: The mean zonal flow response to Rossby wave and gravity wave forcing in the equatorial lower stratosphere: relationship to the QBO. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2078-2087.

Choi, W. K., and J. R. Holton, 1991: Transport of N2O in the stratosphere related to the equatorial semiannual oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,543-22,557.

Boville, B. A., J. R. Holton, and P. W. Mote, 1991: Simulation of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in a general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2281-2284.

1992

Fovell, R., D. Durran, and J. R. Holton, 1992: Numerical simulations of convectively generated gravity waves in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 1427-1442.

Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Third Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 511.

Holton, J. R., 1992: Dynamics of the middle atmosphere: Its role in transport and troposphere-stratosphere coupling. The use of EOS for studies of atmospheric physics. (J. C. Gille and G. Visconti Eds.), Proceedings, International School of Physics, Course CXV, North-Holland Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 387-405.

Holton, J. R., 1992: Meteorology. Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, 1362 pp.

1993

Holton, J. R., and D. Durran, 1993: Convectively generated stratospheric gravity waves: the role of mean wind shear. Coupling Processes in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere; (E. Thrane, T. Blix, and D. C. Fritts, Eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 175-190.

Rosenlof, K. H., and J. R. Holton, 1993: Estimates of the stratospheric residual circulation using the downward control principle. J. Geophys. Res., 10,465-10,479.

Steenburgh, W. J., and J. R. Holton, 1993: On the interpretation of geopotential height tendency equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1642-1645.

Holton, J. R., 1993: The Second Haurwitz Memorial Lecture: Stationary planetary waves. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1735-1742.

1994

Yulaeva, E., J. R. Holton, and J. M. Wallace, 1994: On the cause of the annual cycle in tropical lower stratospheric temperatures. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 169-174.

Chen, P., J. R. Holton, A. O'Neill, and R. Swinbank, 1994: Quasi-horizontal transport and mixing in the Antarctic stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,851-16,866.

Mote, P. W., J. R. Holton, and B. A. Boville, 1994: Characteristics of stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,815-16,829.

Holton, J. R., 1994: The quasi-biennial oscillation in the Earth's atmosphere and its links to longer period variability. The Solar Engine and its Influence on Terrestrial Atmosphere and Climate; (E. Nesme-Ribes, Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 259-273.

Canziani, P. O., Holton, J. R., Fishbein, E., Froidevaux, L., and Waters, J., 1994: Equatorial Kelvin waves: a UARS-MLS view. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3053-3076.

Ray, E. A., J. R. Holton, E. F. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, and J. W. Waters, 1994: The tropical semiannual oscillations in temperature and ozone as observed by the MLS. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3045–3052.

1995

Potter, B., and J. R. Holton, 1995: The role of monsoon convection in the dehydration of the lower tropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1034-1050.

Canziani, P. O., Holton, J. R., Fishbein, E., and Froidevaux, L., 1995: Equatorial Kelvin wave variability during 1992 and 1993. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5193-5202.

Chen, P., J. R. Holton, A. O'Neill, and R. Swinbank, 1995: Isentropic mass exchange between the tropics and extratropics in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3006-3018.

Chen, P., J. R. Holton, and R. Swinbank, 1995: A quasi-permeable barrier in the equatorial lower stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 259-262.

Alexander, M. J., Holton, J. R., Durran, D. R., 1995: The gravity wave response above deep convection in a squall line simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2212-2226.

Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood and L. Pfister, 1995: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Reviews of Geophysics, 33, 403-439.

Mote, P. W., K. H. Rosenlof, J. R. Holton, R. S. Harwood and J. W. Waters, 1995: Seasonal variations of water vapour in the tropical lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1093-1096.

1996

Mote, P. W., K. H. Rosenlof, M. E. McIntyre, E. S. Carr, J. C. Gille, J. R. Holton, K. H. Kinnersley, H. C. Pumphrey, J. M. Russell III, and J. W. Waters, 1996: An atmospheric tape-recorder: the imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3989-4006.

Holton, J. R., and J. Lelieveld, 1996: Stratosphere-Troposphere exchange and its role in the budget of tropospheric ozone. Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, (P. Crutzen and V. Ramanathan, Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 173-190.

Appenzeller, C., J. R. Holton, and K. H. Rosenlof, 1996: Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,071-15,078.

1997

Alexander, M. J., and J. R. Holton, 1997: A model study of zonal forcing in the equatorial stratosphere by convectively induced gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 408-419.

Appenzeller, C., and J. R. Holton, 1997: Tracer lamination in the stratosphere: A global climatology. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13,555-13,569.

Gettelman, A., J. R. Holton, and K. H. Rosenlof, 1997: Mass fluxes of O3, CH4, N2O and CF2Cl2 in the lower stratosphere calculated from observational data. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,149-19,159.

1998

Ray, E. A., M. J. Alexander and J. R. Holton, 1998: An analysis of the structure and forcing of the equatorial semiannual oscillation in zonal wind. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1759-1774.

Dessler, A. E., M. D. Burrage, J.-U. Grooss, J. R. Holton, J. L. Lean, S. T. Massie, M. R. Schoeberl, A. R. Douglass and C. H. Jackman, 1998: Selected science highlights from the first 5 years of the upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) program. Revs. Geophys., 36, 183-210.

Canziani, P. O. and J. R. Holton 1998: The relationship between Kelvin wave momentum fluxes and the QBO: An observational study. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,509-31,521.

1999

Holton, J. R., and M. J. Alexander, 1999: Gravity waves in the mesosphere generated by tropospheric convection. Tellus, 51A-B, 41-58.

Tomas, R. A., P. J. Webster, and J. R. Holton, 1999: The influence of cross-equatorial pressure gradients on the location of near-equatorial convection. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 1107-1127.

Kettleborough, J. A., and J. R. Holton, 1999: Limitations of a diagnostic of stratospheric tracer lamination. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,621-21,628.

2000

Teitelbaum, H., M. Moustaoui, C. Basdevant and J. R. Holton, 2000: An alternative mechanism explaining the hygropause formation in tropical regions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 221-224.

Gettelman, A., J. R. Holton, and A. R. Douglass, 2000: Simulations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9003-9023.

Piani, C., D. Durran, M. J. Alexander, and J. R. Holton, 2000. A numerical study of three dimensional gravity waves triggered by deep tropical convection and their role in the dynamics of the QBO. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3689-3702.

Holton, J. R., and M. J. Alexander, 2000: The role of waves in the transport circulation of the middle atmosphere. Atmospheric Sciences Across the Stratopause (D. E. Siskind, S. L. Ekermann, and M. E. Summers, Eds.), American Geophysical Union, 21-35.

Hartmann, D. L., et al., 2000: Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(4), 1412-1417.

2001

Baldwin, M. P., L .J. Gray, T. J. Dunkerton, K. Hamilton, P. H. Haynes, W. H. Randel, J. R. Holton, M. J. Alexander, I. Hirota, T. Horinouchi, D. B. A. Jones, J. S. Kinnersley, C. Marquardt, K. Sato, and M. Takahashi, 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 38, 179-229.

Holton, J. R., M. J. Alexander, and M. T. Boehm, 2001: Evidence for short vertical wavelength Kelvin waves in the Department of Energy-Atmospheric Radiation Experiment Nauru99 radiosonde observations. J. Geophys. Res.,106, 20,125-20,129.

Hartmann, D. L., J. R. Holton, and Q. Fu, 2001: The heat balance of the tropical tropopause, cirrus, and stratospheric dehydration. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1969-1972.

Holton, J. R., and A. Gettelman, 2001: Horizontal transport and the dehydration of the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2799-2802.

2002

Zhou, X.-L., J. R. Holton, and G. L. Mullendore, 2002: Forcing of secondary waves by breaking of gravity waves in the mesosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001204.

Holton, J. R., J. H. Beres, and X. L. Zhou, 2002: On the vertical scale of gravity waves excited by localized thermal forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2019–2023.

Zhou, X. L., and J. R. Holton, 2002: Intraseasonal variations of tropical cold point tropopause temperatures. J. Climate, 15, 1460-1473.

Beres, J. H., M. J. Alexander, and J. R. Holton, 2002: Effects of tropospheric wind shear on the spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1805-1824.

Eichelberger, S. J., and J. R. Holton, 2002: A mechanistic model of the Northern Annular Mode. J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001092.

Choi, W., et al., 2002: On the secondary meridional circulation associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation. Tellus Series B-Chemical Physical Meteorology, 54(4), 395-406.

Choi, W., et al., 2002: On the secondary meridional circulation associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation (vol 54B, pg 395, 2002). Tellus Series B-Chemical Physical Meteorology, 54(5).

2003

Holton, J. R., J. A. Curry, and J. A. Pyle (Eds.), 2003: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences. Academic Press, London, 2780 pp.

2004

Alexander, M. J. and J. R. Holton, 2004: On the spectrum of vertically propagating gravity waves generated by a transient heat soruce. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 923-932.

Beres, J. H., M. J. Alexander, and J. R. Holton, 2004: A method of specifying the gravity wave spectrum above convection based on latent heating properties and background wind. J. Atmos. Sci., 61(3), 324-337.

2005

Mullendore, G. L., D. R. Durran, and J. R. Holton, 2005: Cross-tropopause tracer transport in midlatitude convection. J. Geophys. Res., 110(D6).